(A)Prophet hood and Life after Death
The second part of the kalimah, on the other hand, signifies that God has
not left man without any guidance for the conduct of his life. He has
revealed His guidance through His prophets, and Muhammad was the last
prophet. To believe in a prophet means to believe in the revelation that he
has received, to accept the law that was transmitted to him by God, and to
follow the code of conduct that he was instructed to pass on to humanity.
Thus the second basic postulate of Islam is to believe in the prophet hood of
Muhammad, to accept the religion that he presented, and to follow his
commands and his example.
Every prophet of God, according to the Qur'an, strove to build man's
relationship with God on the principle of His sovereignty and the
individual's acknowledgment of the authority of the Prophet as a source of
divine guidance. Every one of them said: "I am to you God's apostle,
worthy of all trust. So be committed to God, heed Him, and obey me."5
The guidance is revealed through the prophets. It is a part of their mission
to translate it into practice in their own lives and in the society they try to
reform. All of the prophets are representatives of God, but they are human
beings and their lives are models for mankind. Muhammad, since he was
the last prophet, is the final model for mankind. To believe in him as a
prophet of God means to accept his authority as representative of the
4 Qur'an 2:30-39.
5 Qur'an 26:107-8, 110, 125-26, 131, 143-44, 150, 162-63, 178-79.
Supreme Ruler and to follow his example in thought and behavior. The
code of behavior, the standard that determines rightness or otherwise (halal
or haram) of any particular thing, was revealed to the Prophet and is
known as the Shari'ah (the path). Belief in the Prophet involves acceptance
of the Shari'ah and the attempt to implement it in all matters of daily life.
This is how the will of God is fulfilled on earth.6 The Qur'an says:
We have not sent any Messenger but that he was to be obeyed with God's
permission. (4:64)
The second part of the kalimah, on the other hand, signifies that God has
not left man without any guidance for the conduct of his life. He has
revealed His guidance through His prophets, and Muhammad was the last
prophet. To believe in a prophet means to believe in the revelation that he
has received, to accept the law that was transmitted to him by God, and to
follow the code of conduct that he was instructed to pass on to humanity.
Thus the second basic postulate of Islam is to believe in the prophet hood of
Muhammad, to accept the religion that he presented, and to follow his
commands and his example.
Every prophet of God, according to the Qur'an, strove to build man's
relationship with God on the principle of His sovereignty and the
individual's acknowledgment of the authority of the Prophet as a source of
divine guidance. Every one of them said: "I am to you God's apostle,
worthy of all trust. So be committed to God, heed Him, and obey me."5
The guidance is revealed through the prophets. It is a part of their mission
to translate it into practice in their own lives and in the society they try to
reform. All of the prophets are representatives of God, but they are human
beings and their lives are models for mankind. Muhammad, since he was
the last prophet, is the final model for mankind. To believe in him as a
prophet of God means to accept his authority as representative of the
4 Qur'an 2:30-39.
5 Qur'an 26:107-8, 110, 125-26, 131, 143-44, 150, 162-63, 178-79.
Supreme Ruler and to follow his example in thought and behavior. The
code of behavior, the standard that determines rightness or otherwise (halal
or haram) of any particular thing, was revealed to the Prophet and is
known as the Shari'ah (the path). Belief in the Prophet involves acceptance
of the Shari'ah and the attempt to implement it in all matters of daily life.
This is how the will of God is fulfilled on earth.6 The Qur'an says:
We have not sent any Messenger but that he was to be obeyed with God's
permission. (4:64)
And about the Prophet, it is explicitly stated that:
Yet by your Lord, they will never believe until they make you a judge
concerning what they are disputing among themselves; then they will find
no inconvenience for themselves concerning whatever you have decided
and submit completely. (4:65)
The test of one's acceptance of God and His Prophet lies in conducting all
human affairs in accordance with the Law revealed to them:
And those who do not judge by what God has sent down are disbelievers.
(5:44)
Thus belief in God and His Prophet means commitment to obey them and
to fashion individual and collective life in the light of the law and the
guidance that God revealed to His Prophet.
This automatically raises the question: Are those who follow the law and
those who refuse to accept or abide by it on the same level of existence?
Are they going to be treated in the same way? What are the consequences
of differing attitudes and behaviors? This brings us to the third basic
postulate of Islam: belief in the Hereafter.
The world, according to Islam, is a place of trial, and man is being judged
in it. One day, he will have to give an account of all that he did during his
lifetime. After his death, he will be resurrected in a new world, and it is
here that he will be rewarded or punished for his deeds and misdeeds.
Those who live a life of obedience to the Lord in the present world will
enjoy eternal bliss in the Hereafter, and those who disobey His commands
6 Jesus, like all other prophets, presented the same message. This is what he
means when he says: `'Thy Kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it
is in heaven" (Matthew 6:10).
will have to face the bitter fruits of their disobedience. According to the
Quran:
And every man's deeds have We fastened around his neck, and on the day
of resurrection will We bring forth a book which shall be proffered to him
wide open: (It will be said to him) "Read your record: This day there need
be none but yourself to make out an account against you." (17: 13-14)
Whoever comes with a good deed, for him there shall be the like of it
tenfold, while whoever comes with an ill-deed, he shall be required with
only one like it, and they shall not be treated unjustly. (6:160)
Thus the basic articles of Islamic faith are: (a) belief in the oneness of God,
(b) belief in the prophets and in the guidance that they bequeathed, (c)
belief in the angels, (d) belief in the books, (e) belief in the Day of
Judgment, and (f) belief in fate. Whoever professes these beliefs is a
Muslim. And all of these concepts are epitomized in the kalimah: There is
no god but Allah; Muhammad is His Prophet.
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